The National Biosafety Law was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (the Parliament) and entered into force in 2009. According to the law, the National Biosafety Committee was established and tasked with the coordination of policies and harmonization of national competent authorities identified in the Law. However, other organizations with no legal involvement according to the Biosafety Law have played a more significant role; mostly in the prevention of the implementation of the Law. Therefore, in practice, the players and organizational chart were different from what has been approved by the parliament. We attempt to create a real map of the institutions playing role in the implementation of the National Biosafety Law. Besides, we evaluate the performance of National competent authorities listed in the Law. This research has been conducted based on the framework of political evaluation and qualitative research method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and authorities as well as the scientific Society members in the field including University Professors. Complementary data was collected through a structured literature review and content analysis of all related laws and regulations. The collected data was analyzed using Atlas TI software. The findings show that among the competent authorities, it was only the “Ministry of Health and Medical Education” (MHME) that was able to fulfill its duties to the “acceptable” level. MHME performance in implementing the law can be characterized by two main features: 1) dissociation from ideological evaluation and adhering to the text of the law and scientific evaluation, and 2) not accepting illegal pressures exerted by pressure groups including a couple of the security organizations and related media. But the performance of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Organization has been criticized in particular by the scientific society members. The Ministry of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Organization has reportedly failed to carry out their legal duties, mainly due to the ideological stand of the authorities, their position, non-compliance with the law, and obedience to the illegal demands of an unauthorized organization and media under their control.