fa مقایسه مرحله پیری طبیعی و پیری پس از برداشت با تاکید برجنبه های مولکولی و ژنتیک مهندسی ژنتیک گیاهی Plant مروری Review <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برگ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مرحله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نمو</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">لحاظ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ژنتیک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فیزیولوژیک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بسیا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حائز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اهمیت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> ژن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زیادی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مرحله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فعال</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شوند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">افزایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قابل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجهی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نسخه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برداری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">را</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشان می</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دهند</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مشخصه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بارز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کنترل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تغییرات</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بسیار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">منظم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کنترل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فعل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">انفعالات فیزیولوژیک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مهمترین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رخدادها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توقف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فتوسنتز،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تجزیه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کلروپلاست،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاهش چشم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گیر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کلروفیل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شکستن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پروتئین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سایر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مولکول</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بزرگ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گیاه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بوسیله طیف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">وسیعی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عوامل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داخلی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خارجی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اتفاق</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">افتد</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بروز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تواند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تحت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اثر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تنش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های مختلف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محیطی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رخ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دهد</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آنجا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گیاهان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">امکان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حرکت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ندارند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عنوان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سازوکار تکاملی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فیزیولوژیک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">امکان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مقابله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شرایط</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تنش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">را</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هموار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سازد</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">موارد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جالب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بروز پیری،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">القای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برداشت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">موضوع</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برخی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سبزی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نظیر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسفناج،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بروکلی، کاهو</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کلم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خوبی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دیده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شود</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تعداد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قابل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجهی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ژن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فعال</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مرحله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری شناسایی،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جداسازی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همسانه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سازی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بیان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نسبی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ژن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">طیف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گسترده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فاز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و حتی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بروز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فنوتیپی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برگ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آخرین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مرحله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ملاحظه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شد</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">براین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اساس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چنین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به نظر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رسد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باید</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عوامل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کنترلی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نسبتا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زیادی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بیان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ژن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دخیل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باشند</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bzarbold;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span></strong> Senescence is a final developmental stage of leaf, which is very important as genetic and physiological aspects. Many genes are activated at this stage and most of them show remarkable transcript. The function of senescence is to control regulatory physiological changes. This include cessation of photosynthesis, chloroplast degradation, chlorophyll loss and protein breakdown. Senescence can be initiated by a wide variety of different internal and external factors, as well as being an essential part of plant development; senescence in leaves is also induced prematurely by a number of different environmental stresses. Since plants cannot escape from adverse environmental conditions senescence is one mechanism that plants have evolved to cope with such problems. Interestingly, senescence could be induced in plants even after harvest. This phenomenon is observed in such vegetables like broccoli, lettuce and cabbage. Many different senescence&ndash;enhanced genes have been isolated, characterized and cloned. Expression analysis of these genes showed a broad range of expression some time before phenotypic changes to last stage of senescence. So it seems that many signaling pathways should be involved in this process.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; بیان ژن, پیری برگ, پیری پس از برداشت, مرگ برنامه ریزی شده سلول Gene Expression, Leaf Senescence, Post Harvest Senescence, Programmed Cell Death (PCD) 72 63 http://gebsj.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-250-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Saeid Navabpour سعید نواب پور : s.navabpour@gau.ac.ir 10031947532846001687 10031947532846001687 Yes