A major part of the gene-expression products has composed by non-coding protein-binding ribonucleotide sequences including short and long RNA molecules ranged in ten to hundreds which more than 200 nucleotides are called “long non-coding protein RNA, or lncRNA”. LncRNAs act important roles in some cellular processes by their special molecular structure. Purposes of this study were to evaluate the function of regulator LncRNAs as a major component in intracellular processes and regulating gene expression at different epigenetic levels, transcription, and post-transcription. We also aimed to evaluate the function of LncRNAs in development of the central nervous system, increase or decrease of their expression in some disease like cancer and their roles in some animal diseases. Many modern technologies and advanced bioinformatics methods have been developed to identify LncRNA molecules. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the lncRNA field, discussing what is known about the genomic contexts, biological functions, and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs. Although there are several online databases to facilitate researches and share scientific information related to these molecules. Therefore, it is expected that studying on this particular type of RNAs to find out their functional and regulatory roles is increasing; and there is still a great deal of space for developing researches in human and animal diseases. There are hopes that more perspectives to find out therapies for many types of diseases, especially those with no definitive treatment. In addition, we wish to obtain significant advances in genetics and livestock breeding by finding new functional and regulatory roles of LncRNAs in animal productive traits.