[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
For Reviewers::
Registration::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
::
Archive
..
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
:: Volume 14, Issue 1 (9-2025) ::
gebsj 2025, 14(1): 111-119 Back to browse issues page
Optimization of Hairy Root Induction in the Medicinal Plant Garden Thyme Using Agrobacterium Rhizogenes
Mahdi Mahmoudi , Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori * , Zahra Heidary
Department of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran , noori@ut.ac.ir
Abstract:   (664 Views)
The medicinal plant garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is of great importance due to its valuable secondary metabolites such as thymol. In this study, hairy root induction was performed using two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC15834, A4) and three types of explants (cotyledon, stem, and leaf). The infected explants were transferred to MS medium containing antibiotics after co-cultivation. The transformation of the produced roots was confirmed using the PCR technique and specific primers for the rolB gene. The traits of induction percentage, fresh weight, and dry weight of the hairy roots were evaluated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The PCR results, by amplifying the 780 bp fragment of the rolB gene, confirmed the transgenic nature of the induced roots. Data analysis showed that the interaction effect of bacterial strain and explant type was significant on all measured traits. The highest hairy root induction percentage (73%), fresh weight (2.90 g), and dry weight (1.91 g) were obtained in the combined treatment of stem explant and strain ATCC15834. Strain A4 was less efficient compared to strain ATCC15834. In general, this study reports for the first time the successful induction of hairy roots in the medicinal plant garden thyme. The findings indicate that the optimal selection of explant and bacterial strain plays a decisive role in the efficiency of hairy root production. The hairy roots induced in this research can be used as a stable and efficient system for the large-scale production of valuable thyme secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions and at the bioreactor scale.
Article number: 9
Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Garden thyme, Hairy roots, Secondary metabolites.
Full-Text [PDF 563 kb]   (96 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Plant
Received: 2025/10/26 | Accepted: 2026/01/11 | Published: 2026/01/17
References
1. Cheng, Y., Wang, X., Cao, L., Ji, J., Liu, T., & Duan, K. (2021). Highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation for gene functional and gene editing analysis in soybean. Plant Methods, 17, 1-12. doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00778-7 [DOI:10.1186/s13007-021-00778-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. Georgiev, M. I., Pavlov, A. I., & Bley, T. (2007). Hairy root type plant in vitro systems as sources of bioactive substances. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 74, 1175-1185. doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-0856-5 [DOI:10.1007/s00253-007-0856-5] [PMID]
3. Hosseinzadeh, S., Kukhdan, A. J., Hosseini, A., & Armand, R. (2015). The Application of Thymus vulgaris in Traditional and Modern Medicine : A Review. 9(3), 260-266. doi.org/10.5829/idosi.gjp.2015.9.3.94246
4. Jilani, S., Ferjeni, M., Al-Shammery, K., Rashid Mohammed AlTamimi, H., Besbes, M., Ahmed Lotfi, S., ... & Ben Selma, W. (2025). The synergistic effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oil and carvacrol with imipenem against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: in vitro, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, 1582102.‏ doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1582102 [DOI:10.3389/fphar.2025.1582102] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Jodaki, F., Sadat Noori, S. A., Mortazavian, S. M. M., & Mahmoudi, M. (2024). Optimization of hairy root induction in the medicinal plant Bilhar (Dorema aucheri) using Agrobacterium rhizogenes for the production of secondary metabolites. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal, 13 (2) :180-189.‏2025. Doi: 10.61882/gebsj.13.2.2 [In Persian] [DOI:10.61882/gebsj.13.2.2]
6. Kiselev, K. V., Dubrovina, A. S., Veselova, M. V., Bulgakov, V. P., Fedoreyev, S. A., & Zhuravlev, Y. N. (2007). The rolB gene-induced overproduction of resveratrol in Vitis amurensis transformed cells. Journal of biotechnology, 128(3), 681-692. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.11.008 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.11.008] [PMID]
7. Kubica, P., Szopa, A., Kokotkiewicz, A., Miceli, N., Taviano, M. F., Maugeri, A., ... & Ekiert, H. (2020). Production of verbascoside, isoverbascoside and phenolic acids in callus, suspension, and bioreactor cultures of Verbena officinalis and biological properties of biomass extracts. Molecules, 25(23), 5609. doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235609 [DOI:10.3390/molecules25235609] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Liu, L., Qu, J., Wang, C., Liu, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., ... & Zhang, S. (2024). An efficient genetic transformation system mediated by Rhizobium rhizogenes in fruit trees based on the transgenic hairy root to shoot conversion. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 22(8), 2093-2103.‏ doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14328 [DOI:10.1111/pbi.14328] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Mahmoudi, M., Sadat-Noori, S.A., Ebrahimi, M., & Bahmankar, M. (2023). Optimization of induction of hairy roots in Perilla. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal; 12 (1) doi: 20.1001.1.25885073.1402.12.1.4.8. [In Persian]
10. Majedi, S., Yassen, A. O., & Issa, S. Y. (2024). Assessing the combination of three plant species: Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Damask Rose (Rosa damascena), and Stachys lavandulifolia vahl, to determine their synergistic effects on antimicrobial properties. Chemical Review and Letters, 7(2), 294-310.‏ doi.org/10.22034/crl.2024.437005.1286
11. Majumdar, S., Garai, S., & Jha, S. (2011). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genetic transformation of Bacopa monnieri by wild type strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes stimulates production of bacopa saponins in transformed calli and plants. Plant Cell Reports, 30(5), 941-954.‏ doi:10.1007/s00299-011-1035-9 [DOI:10.1007/s00299-011-1035-9] [PMID]
12. Moradi, N., Sadat Noori, S. A., Fadavi, A., Mortazavian, S. M. M., & Pakdin Parizi, A. (2021). Analysis efficiency of Iranian Ajowan ecotypes on hairy root production mediated by different Agrobacterium rhizogenesis strains. Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 10(1), 117-127. doi: 10.30479/IJGPB.2022.17488.1325.
13. Oksman-Caldentey, K. M., & Hiltunen, R. (1996). Transgenic crops for improved pharmaceutical products. Field crops research, 45(1-3), 57-69. doi: 10.1016/0378-4290(95)00059-3 [DOI:10.1016/0378-4290(95)00059-3]
14. Paolis, A. D., Frugis, G., Giannino, D., Iannelli, M. A., Mele, G., Rugini, E., ... & Caretto, S. (2019). Plant cellular and molecular biotechnology: following Mariotti's steps. Plants, 10;8(1), 18.‏ doi: 10.3390/plants8010018 [DOI:10.3390/plants8010018] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Soltaninezhad, N., Sadat-Noori, S. A., Izady-Darbandi, A., Amini, F., & Mirjalili, M. H. (2023). Induction and study of hairy root growth pattern in Indian ginseng medicinal plant using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal, 12(2), 184-194. dx.doi.org/10.61186/gebsj.12.2.184 [In Persian] [DOI:10.61186/gebsj.12.2.184]
16. Stepanova, A. Y., Malunova, M. V., Gladkov, E. A., Evsyukov, S. V., Tereshonok, D. V., & Solov'eva, A. I. (2022). Collection of hairy roots as a basis for fundamental and applied research. Molecules, 27(22), 8040. doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228040 [DOI:10.3390/molecules27228040] [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Tiwari, R. K., Trivedi, M., Guang, Z. C., Guo, G. Q., & Zheng, G. C. (2007). Genetic transformation of Gentiana macrophylla with Agrobacterium rhizogenes: growth and production of secoiridoid glucoside gentiopicroside in transformed hairy root cultures. Plant Cell Reports, 26(2), 199-210. doi: 10.1007/s00299-006-0236-0 [DOI:10.1007/s00299-006-0236-0] [PMID]
18. Wahyuni, D. K., Vidianti, F., Purnobasuki, H., Ermayanti, T. M., Prajoga, B., & Utami, E. S. W. (2015). Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root induction in Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5(4), 87-93. doi:10.1186/s13007-021-00778-7 [DOI:10.1186/s13007-021-00778-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
19. Wirtu, S. F., Ramaswamy, K., Maitra, R., Chopra, S., Mishra, A. K., & Jule, L. T. (2024). Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activity study of Thymus vulgaris. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 21573.‏ doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71012-2 [DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-71012-2] [PMID] [PMCID]
Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA



XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Mahmoudi M, Sadat Noori S A, heidary Z. Optimization of Hairy Root Induction in the Medicinal Plant Garden Thyme Using Agrobacterium Rhizogenes. gebsj 2025; 14 (1) : 9
URL: http://gebsj.ir/article-1-530-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (9-2025) Back to browse issues page
دوفصل نامه علمی-پژوهشی مهندسی ژنتیک و ایمنی زیستی Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.2 seconds with 38 queries by YEKTAWEB 4758